Smart Periodontal Dressings with Controlled Antimicrobial Release Triggered by Bacterial Enzymes

Abstract

Periodontal diseases remain among the most prevalent oral inflammatory conditions, requiring effective infection control and optimal wound healing following surgical and non-surgical therapy. Conventional periodontal dressings primarily serve as protective barriers but often lack the ability to respond dynamically to changes within the infected periodontal environment. Smart periodontal dressings with controlled antimicrobial release triggered by bacterial enzymes represent an innovative biomaterial-based approach that combines wound protection with targeted, on-demand drug delivery. These advanced dressings are designed to recognize enzymes produced by pathogenic bacteria, initiating localized release of antimicrobial agents only when infection-related activity is present. This responsive mechanism enhances drug utilization, minimizes unnecessary antimicrobial exposure, reduces the risk of systemic side effects, and supports sustained inhibition of pathogenic biofilms. In addition to controlling infection, enzyme-responsive dressings maintain a moist healing environment, protect regenerating tissues, and promote favorable conditions for periodontal repair. Recent advances in hydrogels, biodegradable polymers, nanocomposite materials, and bioactive coatings have significantly improved the performance and clinical potential of these intelligent wound care systems. Although challenges related to material optimization, manufacturing, regulatory approval, and long-term clinical validation remain, smart periodontal dressings demonstrate considerable promise as next-generation therapeutic platforms capable of improving treatment outcomes through precise, responsive, and patient-centered management of periodontal wounds.